The financial implications to health services and health insurance companies are serious. There are also costs for employers who lose money due to absenteeism, either from lost production or by hiring replacements. Every year, arthritis costs the American economy some billion in medical care and indirect costs such as absenteeism. It also, obviously, affects the ability of parents or grandparents to enjoy fully children's early years.
Arthritis is the most common cause of disability in the Western World. The disease limits everyday activities, such as getting in and out of bed, dressing, climbing stairs and even walking. Arthritis may lead to reduced mobility, loss of employment, breakdown of social and marital relationships, chronic pain, fatigue and depression. Severely disabled sufferers from arthritis may need support from visiting careers, which can clean or help with shopping, or they may need full time nursing care.
The spine is made up of block like bones called vertebrae that sit one on top of the other, cushioned by cartilage in between the bones. Normally the spine runs straight down the center of the back. The spine of an elderly woman has a prominent lateral curve, in addition to signs of advanced osteoarthritis.
Scoliosis may occur through one leg being shorter than the other, or when pain in the back or legs causes a person to overcompensate by leaning to one side. In addition to a thinning of the cartilage between the bones, osteoarthritis is characterized by the formation of bony projections, or entophytes, which may appear almost to form a bridge between adjacent vertebrae. These are visible to the left of the five lowest vertebrae in the x-ray.
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